A pressure transmitter converts process pressure into a 4-20 mA, HART, or digital signal that a control system can read. Inside the housing, a sensing element deflects under pressure; the deflection is measured as a change in resistance, capacitance, or frequency; Read More
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. It is the software-and-hardware stack that lets one operator watch — and steer — dozens or hundreds of field instruments from a single screen. SCADA does not run the loop itself; PLCs Read More
Flow rate and pressure are linked by Bernoulli’s equation, by friction losses, and by the geometry of whatever the fluid passes through. A pump that delivers 200 kPa across a 50 mm pipe will not push the same volume per minute Read More
Updated Apr 25, 2026 — Reviewed by Sino-Inst Engineering Team A BTU meter for chilled water quantifies cooling energy by combining a flow meter with a matched pair of RTDs on the supply and return. On a typical HVAC loop Read More
A stilling well is a metal pipe installed inside a tank with calibrated holes near the bottom. It surrounds the radar antenna (or any non-contact level transmitter) and dampens the surface chaos — foam, turbulence, swirls from agitators — that Read More
Most flow meter accuracy problems trace back to one root cause: not enough straight pipe before and after the meter. Get the upstream and downstream lengths right and a $3,000 magmeter holds its ±0.5% spec. Get them wrong and even Read More
A PID controller takes the difference between where a process is and where you want it to be (the error), then computes a corrective output using three weighted terms — proportional, integral, and derivative — and feeds that output back Read More
An RTD (resistance temperature detector) measures temperature by tracking how the resistance of a platinum element rises with temperature. A thermocouple measures temperature by reading the millivolt signal produced when two dissimilar metal wires join at a hot end. Same Read More
A magnetic flow meter (magmeter) measures conductive liquid by Faraday’s law: when fluid moves through a magnetic field generated by the meter’s coils, electrodes pick up a voltage proportional to velocity. The physics is unforgiving — an air bubble at Read More
Updated 2026-05-11 by the Sino-Inst engineering team. A shaft torque sensor sits between a motor and the load and reads the twisting force on the rotating shaft. The output is a 4-20 mA, frequency, CAN, or RS485 signal that a Read More
